We tested the PL-200AV Push by connecting a pair of units to provide internet access from a router in the study to a PC in the living room of a self-contained cottage built onto the end of the house. A direct route would send the signal through a total of 7 rooms including the study and the living room, over a distance of 23m (75ft), although following the electrical wiring system the signal path may be longer. The signal path also goes through a total of two RCD fuseboxes to exit the house and enter the cottage. DECT cordless phones and WiFi have been tried over this route, but no signal was received in the living room. On plugging in the two Homeplug units, the powerline activity LED illuminated amber, indicating a connection rate of between 40 and 105 Mbps. The full ADSL speed from the router (around 5 Mbps here) was instantly available, and latency across the connection was in the region of 2ms, which should please gamers. An ftp file transfer across the connection went at an average speed of 25Mbps, not bad for a situation where WiFi doesn’t work at all. The connection has been in use for several days now and has been completely stable and reliable. The PL-200AV Push is available from Amazon UK.

The planning process that existed prior to 2007 for the use of spectrum capacity reflected a situation where the BBC had sufficient capacity available for the services that it wished to provide. However, in recent years both the BBC’s and third parties’ service demands have increased. In addition to the BBC’s aspirations to provide HD, several public service broadcasters, including five, S4C and TG4, are expected to be directed by the Secretary of State to be carried in BBC multiplex capacity. The BBC appreciates that available capacity may no longer be sufficient to cover their service aspirations, and therefore the importance of using the spectrum efficiently and effectively. The report recommends that in order to increase viewer value, the BBC needs to consider its service prioritisation, for example by accommodating HD services which the public appear to value highly.

Ofcom favours a market led, service and technology neutral approach, arguing that giving spectrum to one use will tend to reduce flexibility and blunt incentives. The one exception to this market led approach is programme making and special events (PMSE) which already uses interleaved spectrum on a large scale. This is an extremely diverse community, and Ofcom considers that it would not be able to take part effectively in an auction. They will therefore award a package of interleaved spectrum to meet PMSE users needs.

Licence exempt use of interleaved spectrum will be allowed for cognitive devices. Cognitive radio is a new technology that can detect spectrum that is otherwise unused and transmit without causing harmful interference. It has the potential to support many uses, including high speed broadband. The technology is particularly suited to operating in interleaved spectrum, where a significant capacity is often unused at any particular location.

Most of the available interleaved spectrum will be reserved to meet the needs of PMSE users. PMSE is an existing user of interleaved spectrum, but comprises a large and diverse community who would find it difficult to coordinate a bid for access to spectrum. A single package of interleaved spectrum will therefore be awarded to a licensee who will act as a band manager. Channel 69 will continue to be available for PMSE use throughout the UK on a licensed basis, and greater licence exempt use of channel 70 will be promoted for PMSE in the interests of community users.

Geographic packages of interleaved spectrum suitable for local television will be awarded, but their use will not be restricted to this service. Ofcom has identified around 25 possible locations across the UK where there is evidence of sufficient demand to justify offering such packages. Each package could allow the operation of a low power DTT multiplex carrying several channels.

No spectrum will be reserved for DTT services in HD. Many organisations and individuals have pressed Ofcom to set aside spectrum for DTT in HD, but Ofcom has since published detailed proposals for upgrading the DTT platform to introduce new technologies on one of the six multiplexes. They are now confident that HD can be accommodated by the introduction of DVB-T2 and H.264 technology without setting aside any further spectrum.

No spectrum will be reserved for mobile television or mobile broadband, but the spectrum will be packaged in a way that enables the widest possible range of uses, including additional DTT multiplexes. Ofcom regards mobile broadband, mobile TV, and additional DTT multiplexes as the most likely uses of cleared spectrum, but does not see a case for reserving any spectrum exclusively for these uses.

Channel 36 will also be auctioned alongside cleared spectrum. The channel is currently used for ground based aeronautical radar, but this will cease in 2009. Channel 36 will therefore be available UK wide before other cleared spectrum, which will only be fully vacated when digital switchover ends in 2012. Early use of the channel will be allowed, but it will not be auctioned separately as many options for using this spectrum would involve combining it with other frequencies.

The Licence-Exemption Framework Review extends the SFR by examining a number of specific issues concerning the management of spectrum used by licence-exempt devices, including;

• Should spectrum be reserved for exclusive licence-exempt use by a single wireless application (i.e. application-specific spectrum)? Or should multiple applications be allowed to share the spectrum (i.e. spectrum commons)?
• Is there a frequency limit above which all spectrum use can be made exempt from licensing? If so, what is the value of this limit?
• Is there a transmission power limit below which all emissions can be made exempt from licensing? If so, what is the value of this limit and how should it vary as a function of frequency?

Ofcom is known to believe that, in general, application-specific allocations for licence-exempt devices result in inefficient utilisation and fragmentation of spectrum, and instead prefers the ‘spectrum commons’ model which is believes would maximise the value derived from any spectrum set aside for licence-exempt use. However, they do not propose the retrospective application of the spectrum commons model to existing licence-exempt authorisations, as this may result in harmful interference to legacy technologies.

The review also proposes more licence-exempt spectrum above 40 GHz, and more licence-exempt low power spectral density use, similar to ultra-wideband, on a non-interference non-protected basis.